«Մասնակից:Avagyanasya/Ավազարկղ»–ի խմբագրումների տարբերություն

Later Egyptians considered this "[[Amarna Period]]" an unfortunate aberration. After his death, Akhenaten was succeeded by two short-lived pharaohs, [[Smenkhkare]] and [[Neferneferuaten]], of which little is known. In 1334 Akhenaten's son, Tutankhaten, ascended to the throne: shortly after, he restored Egyptian polytheist cult and subsequently changed his name in [[Tutankhamun]], in honor to the Egyptian god [[Amun]].<ref name="DH-143">{{cite book|last1=Dodson|first1=Aidan|author-link1=Aidan Dodson|last2=Hilton|first2=Dyan|title=The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ONKiQAAACAAJ&pg=PA143|year=2010|publisher=Thames & Hudson|isbn=978-0-500-28857-3|page=143}}</ref> His infant daughters, [[317a and 317b mummies]], represent the final genetically-related generation of the Eighteenth Dynasty.

 

[[File:Block Statue of Ay, ca. 1336-1327 B.C.E. 66.174.1.jpg|thumbnail|[[Էյե (Եգիպտոսի փարավոն)|Էյեի]] արձանը, մ․թ․ա․ մոտավորապես 1336–1327 թվականներ, 66.174.1, Բրուքլինի թանգարան]]

The last two members of the Eighteenth Dynasty—[[Ay]] and [[Horemheb]]—became rulers from the ranks of officials in the royal court, although Ay might also have been the maternal uncle of Akhenaten as a fellow descendant of [[Yuya]] and [[Tjuyu]].

This example to the right depicts a man named Ay who achieved the exalted religious positions of [[Second Prophet of Amun]] and High Priest of [[Mut]] at [[Thebes, Egypt|Thebes]]. His career flourished during the reign of Tutankhamun, when the statue was made. The cartouches of King Ay, Tutankhamun's successor appearing on the statue, were an attempt by an artisan to "update" the sculpture.<ref>{{cite web|title=Block Statue of Ay|website=brooklynmuseum.org |url=http://www.brooklynmuseum.org/opencollection/objects/3752/Block_Statue_of_Ay#|access-date=17 June 2014}}</ref>

 

The Eighteenth Dynasty empire conquered all of Lower [[Nubia]] under [[Thutmose I]].<ref name="OConnor">{{cite book |last1=O'Connor |first1=David |title=Ancient Nubia: Egypt's Rival in Africa |date=1993 |publisher=University Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology |location=University of Pennsylvania, USA |isbn=0924171286 |pages=60–69}}</ref> By the reign of [[Thutmose III]], the Egyptians controlled Nubia to the Nile river, 4th cataract (rapids). The Egyptians referred to the area as [[Kingdom of Kush|Kush]] and it was administered by the [[Viceroy of Kush]]. The 18th dynasty obtained Nubian gold, animal skins, ivory, ebony, cattle, and horses, which were of exceptional quality.<ref name="OConnor" /> The Egyptians built temples throughout Nubia. One of the largest and most important temples was dedicated to amun at [[Jebel Barkal]] in the city of Napata. This [[Temple of Amun, Jebel Barkal|Temple of Amun]] was enlarged by later Egyptian and Nubian Pharaohs, such as [[Taharqa]].

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After the end of the [[Hyksos]] period of foreign rule, the Eighteenth Dynasty engaged in a vigorous phase of expansionism, conquering vast areas of the [[Near-East]], with especially Pharaoh [[Thutmose III]] submitting the "Shasu" Bedouins of northern [[Canaan]], and the land of [[Retjenu]], as far as [[Syria]] and [[Mittani]] in numerous military campaigns circa 1450 BC.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Gabriel |first1=Richard A. |title=Thutmose III: The Military Biography of Egypt's Greatest Warrior King |date=2009 |publisher=Potomac Books, Inc. |isbn=978-1-59797-373-1 |page=204 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jCKU6fA8nZIC&pg=PT204 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Allen |first1=James P. |title=Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs |date=2000 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-77483-3 |page=299 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gMxfheT1XQIC&pg=PA299 |language=en}}</ref>

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|[[File:Pharaoh Ahmose I slaying a Hyksos (axe of Ahmose I, from the Treasure of Queen Aahhotep II) Colorized per source.jpg|100px]]|| Nebpehtire || 1549–1524 BC || || [[Ahmose-Nefertari]] <br> [[Ahmose-Henuttamehu]] <br> [[Ahmose-Sitkamose]]

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|[[File:58 I Amenhotep I.jpg|154x154px]]|| Djeserkare || 1524–1503 BC || [[KV39]]? or [[Tomb ANB]]? || [[Ahmose-Meritamon]]

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|[[File:ColossalSandstoneHeadOfThutmoseI-BritishMuseum-August19-08.jpg|130x130px]]|| Aakheperkare || 1503–1493 BC || [[KV20]], [[KV38]] || [[Ahmose (queen)|Ahmose]] <br> [[Mutnofret]]

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|[[File:Stone block with relief at Karnak Temple Thutmosis II.jpg|frameless|100x100px]]|| Aakheperenre || 1493–1479 BC || [[KV42]]? || [[Hatshepsut]] <br> [[Iset (queen)|Iset]]

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|[[File:Hatshepsut.jpg|121x121px]]|| Maatkare || 1479–1458 BC || [[KV20]] || [[Thutmose II]]

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|[[File:TuthmosisIII-2.JPG|150x150px]]|| Menkheper(en)re || 1479–1425 BC || [[KV34]] || [[Satiah]] <br> [[Merytre-Hatshepsut]]<br> [[Nebtu]] <br> [[Menhet, Menwi and Merti]]

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|-

|[[File:Amenophis II-E 10896-IMG 0085-gradient.jpg|111x111px]]|| Aakheperure || 1427–1397 BC || [[KV35]] || [[Tiaa]]

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|[[File:Thumtmoses IV-E 13889-Louvre Museum (7465530452).jpg|100x100px]]|| Menkheperure || 1397–1388 BC || [[KV43]] || [[Nefertari (18th dynasty)|Nefertari]] <br> [[Iaret]] <br> [[Mutemwiya]] <br> Daughter of [[Artatama I]] of Mitanni

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|[[File:Amenhotep iii british museum.jpg|133x133px]]|| Nebmaatre || 1388–1351 BC || [[KV22]] || [[Tiye]]<br> [[Gilukhipa]] of Mitanni<br> [[Tadukhipa]] of Mitanni<br> [[Sitamun]]<br> [[Iset (daughter of Amenhotep III)|Iset]]<br> Daughter of [[Kurigalzu I]] of Babylon<ref name="WG" /><br> Daughter of [[Kadashman-Enlil]] of Babylon<ref name="WG" /><br> Daughter of [[Tarhundaradu]] of [[Arzawa]]<ref name="WG" /><br> Daughter of the ruler of Ammia<ref name="WG" />

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|[[File:GD-EG-Caire-Musée061.JPG|frameless|133x133px]]|| Neferkepherure-Waenre || 1351–1334 BC || [[Royal Tomb of Akhenaten]] || [[Nefertiti]] <br> [[Kiya]] <br> [[Tadukhipa]] of Mitanni <br> Daughter of [[Šatiya]], ruler of [[Enišasi]]<ref name="WG" /> <br> [[Meritaten]]? <br> [[Meketaten]]? <br> [[Ankhesenamun]]<br> Daughter of [[Burna-Buriash II]], King of Babylon<ref name="WG" />

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|[[File:NefertitiRelief SmitingSceneOnBoat-CloseUp.png|frameless|113x113px]]

 

| Ankhkheperure || 1334–1332 BC || || [[Akhenaten]]? <br> [[Smenkhkare]]?

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|[[File:Opening of the Mouth - Tutankhamun and Aja-2.jpg|185x185px]]|| Kheperkheperure || 1323–1319 BC || [[KV23]] || [[Ankhesenamun]] <br> [[Tey]]

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|[[File:StatueOfHoremhebAndTheGodHorus-DetailOfHoremheb01 KunsthistorischesMuseum Nov13-10.jpg|134x134px]]|| Djeserkheperure-Setepenre || 1319–1292 BC || [[KV57]] || [[Mutnedjmet]] <br> [[Amenia (wife of Horemheb)|Amenia]]

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