«Մասնակից:WikiTatik/Ուսում»–ի խմբագրումների տարբերություն

 

[[File:Children in rural school.jpg|thumb|right|Children learning in a rural school in Bangladesh]]

 

Human learning starts at birth (it might even start before<ref>{{Cite book|last=OECD|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GSc3ugiJ-VsC&q=learning+before+birth&pg=PA165|title=Understanding the Brain: The Birth of a Learning Science|date=2007|publisher=OECD Publishing|isbn=978-92-64-02913-2|pages=165}}</ref>) and continues until death as a consequence of ongoing interactions between people and their environment. The nature and processes involved in learning are studied in many fields, including [[educational psychology]], [[neuropsychology]], [[experimental psychology]], and [[pedagogy]]. Research in such fields has led to the identification of various sorts of learning. For example, learning may occur as a result of [[habituation]], or [[classical conditioning]], [[operant conditioning]] or as a result of more complex activities such as [[play (activity)|play]], seen only in relatively intelligent animals.<ref>[http://nationalzoo.si.edu/Publications/ZooGoer/1996/1/junglegyms.cfm Jungle Gyms: The Evolution of Animal Play] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011051238/http://nationalzoo.si.edu/Publications/ZooGoer/1996/1/junglegyms.cfm |date=2007-10-11 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thecephalopodpage.org/behavior.php|title=What behavior can we expect of octopuses? |publisher= The Cephalopod Page|website=www.thecephalopodpage.org|access-date=4 May 2018|url-status = live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171005135515/http://www.thecephalopodpage.org/behavior.php|archive-date=5 October 2017}}</ref> Learning may occur [[conscious]]ly or without conscious awareness. Learning that an aversive event can't be avoided nor escaped may result in a condition called [[learned helplessness]].<ref>{{Britannica|1380861|Learned helplessness}}</ref> There is evidence for human behavioral learning [[prenatal]]ly, in which [[habituation]] has been observed as early as 32 weeks into [[gestation]], indicating that the [[central nervous system]] is sufficiently developed and primed for learning and [[memory]] to occur very early on in [[developmental psychology|development]].<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Sandman | first1 = Wadhwa | last2 = Hetrick | first2 = Porto | last3 = Peeke | year = 1997 | title = Human fetal heart rate dishabituation between thirty and thirty-two weeks gestation | journal = Child Development | volume = 68 | issue = 6| pages = 1031–1040 | doi=10.1111/j.1467-8624.1997.tb01982.x| pmid = 9418223 }}</ref>