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Տող 1.
'''Geothermal energy in Italy''' is mainly used for [[Electricity generation|electric power production]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=http://iea-gia.org/about-us/members/italy/|title=Italy - International Energy Agency geothermal|work=IEA Geothermal|access-date=2018-11-12|language=en-US}}</ref>
Italy is located above a relatively thin crust, with four large areas of underground heat:
* the first is [[Tuscany]], with the [[Larderello]] fields.
* the second is in [[Campania]], the [[Phlegraean Fields]]
* the third, very large and not fully explored, in the south of the [[Tyrrhenian Sea]]<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Armani|first=F. B.|last2=Paltrinieri|first2=D.|date=2013|title=Perspectives of offshore geothermal energy in Italy|journal=EPJ Web of Conferences|language=en|volume=54|pages=02001|doi=10.1051/epjconf/20135402001|bibcode=2013EPJWC..5402001A|issn=2100-014X|doi-access=free}}</ref>
* the fourth is the [[Strait of Sicily]], around the undersea [[Empedocles (volcano)|Empedocles volcano]] and [[Lampedusa|Lampedusa Island]]
A 2018 report by the Italian Geothermal Union indicated that Italy has additional geothermal energy potential which has yet to be utilized.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.egec.org/geothermal-development-italy/|title=Geothermal development in Italy|date=2018-04-24|work=EGEC - European Geothermal Energy Council|access-date=2018-11-12|language=en-US}}</ref>
==Exploration==
Research into the potential for geothermal energy started in 1977, following the [[1973 oil crisis|oil crisis]], with work of [[Enel|ENEL]]<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Carella|first=R.|date=1985-01-01|title=Geothermal activity in Italy: Present status and future prospects|journal=Geothermics|language=en|volume=14|issue=2–3|pages=247–254|doi=10.1016/0375-6505(85)90065-3|issn=0375-6505}}</ref> and [[Eni|ENI]], which started jointly to bore hundreds of wells in Italy, creating a complete map of the underground resource. But in the '90s, the exploratory activity stopped.{{Citation needed|date=November 2018}}
Following results a mapping of Italy in four areas:
* very high potential, with water of more than {{convert|150|°C|°F}} temperature at less than 3 km depth; area extends from NW-SE of [[Genoa]] to the [[Aeolian Islands]].
* water temperature between {{convert|90|°C|°F}} and {{convert|150|°C|°F}} at less than 3 km depth.
* water temperature between {{convert|30|°C|°F}} and {{convert|60|°C|°F}} at less than 3 km depth.
* low potential, no commercial utilization at less than 3 km depth.
== Electric power production ==
[[Category:Industrial processes]]▼
{{Main|Geothermal power in Italy}}
[[Category:Renewable energy]]▼
== Thermal applications ==
Italy uses its lower temperature fluids for [[spa]]s, agriculture, industry and [[district heating]].<ref name=":0" /> A large portion of house heating is concentrated in the [[Abano Terme|Abano]] spa area, in northeast Italy. As district heating the most important plants are in [[Ferrara]] and [[Vicenza]] in the eastern [[Po Valley]], about 1990. Smaller district heating plants are found in [[Bagno di Romagna]] and [[Acqui Terme]].<ref>{{cite web
| url =http://www.oit.edu/docs/default-source/geoheat-center-documents/quarterly-bulletin/vol-20/20-4/20-4-art5.pdf?sfvrsn=4
| title =Italian geothermal district heating systems
| last1 =Carella
| first1 =Roberto
| year = 1999
| publisher = GHC Bulletin, December 1999
| format =PDF
| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20160804165107/http://www.oit.edu/docs/default-source/geoheat-center-documents/quarterly-bulletin/vol-20/20-4/20-4-art5.pdf?sfvrsn=4
| archive-date =4 August 2016
| url-status =live
| access-date =4 August 2016
}}</ref>
==See also==
*[[Geothermal power in Italy]]
*[[Hydrothermal Vent|Hydrothermal vent]]
*[[Earth's internal heat budget]]
==References==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
*[http://www.thinkgeoenergy.com/tag/italy/ Italy], Think GeoEnergy
*[https://www.worldenergy.org/data/resources/country/italy/geothermal/ Geothermal in Italy], World Energy Council
{{Geothermal power|state=expanded}}
{{Natural resources}}
[[Category:Geothermal energy in Italy| ]]
[[Category:Volcanism]]
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