«Մասնակից:Անուշ Մկրտյան/Ավազարկղ»–ի խմբագրումների տարբերություն
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Տող 1.
{{short description|Suffragist and feminist}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Rosa Welt-Straus
| image = ד"ר רוזה וולט שטראוס.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Rosa Welt-Straus, 1893
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{birth date|1856|8|24|df=y}}
| birth_place = Austria
| death_date = {{death date and age|1938|12|15|1856|8|24|df=y}}
| death_place = Geneva, Switzerland
| nationality = Austrian American
| alma_mater = University of Bern
| other_names =
| occupation = Ophthalmologist, Suffragist
| years_active =
| known_for =
| notable_works =
| spouse = Louis Straus
}}
'''Rosa Welt-Straus''' (1856–1938) was a suffragist and feminist.<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite web|url=http://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/welt-straus-rosa |title=Welt-Straus, Rosa | Jewish Women's Archive |publisher=Jwa.org |date= |accessdate=2013-10-13}}</ref> Born in [[Austria]], she was the first girl in that country to graduate from high school, and the first Austrian woman to earn a medical degree, as well as the first female eye doctor in Europe.<ref name="haaretz1">{{cite web|last=Hasson |first=Nir |url=http://www.haaretz.com/weekend/week-s-end/searching-for-the-banner-of-the-hebrew-woman.premium-1.516467 |title=Searching for the banner of the Hebrew woman - Week's End Israel News |publisher=Haaretz |date=2013-04-19 |accessdate=2013-10-13}}</ref><ref name="autogenerated2">{{cite web|url=http://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/higher-education-in-central-europe |title=Higher Education in Central Europe | Jewish Women's Archive |publisher=Jwa.org |date=2009-03-01 |accessdate=2013-10-13}}</ref> She earned her medical degree in 1878 from the [[University of Bern]].<ref name="haaretz1"/><ref name="autogenerated2"/> She had three sisters, Ida, Leonora, and Sara.<ref name="haaretz1"/> After she and one of her sisters came to America, she worked as an eye surgeon in the eye hospital and the Women's Hospital in New York.<ref name="autogenerated1"/> She married businessman Louis Straus and had a daughter, Nellie Straus-Mochenson.<ref name="autogenerated1"/> In 1904, she participated in the first congress of the [[International Woman Suffrage Alliance]] as a member of the American delegation.<ref name="autogenerated1"/> She continued to participate as such for some time, and later represented the Union of Hebrew Women for Equal Rights in Eretz Israel at these assemblies.<ref name="autogenerated1"/>
In 1919 the first nationwide women's party in the [[New Yishuv]] (the Union of Hebrew Women for Equal Rights in Eretz Israel) was created, and Welt-Straus, who had immigrated there that year, was appointed its leader, which she continued as until her death.<ref name="autogenerated1"/><ref name="haaretz1"/><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QnLnZrwBw-EC&pg=PT396 |title=Jewish Women in Pre-State Israel: Life History, Politics, and Culture |date=2009-03-15 |isbn=9781584658085 |accessdate=2013-10-13|last1=Kark |first1=Ruth |last2=Shilo |first2=Margalit |last3=Hasan-Rokem |first3=Galit }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/second-aliyah-womens-experience-and-their-role-in-yishuv |title=Second Aliyah: Women's Experience and Their Role in the Yishuv | Jewish Women's Archive |publisher=Jwa.org |date= |accessdate=2013-10-13}}</ref> In July 1920 she traveled to London to participate in the assembly at which the [[Women's International Zionist Organization]] (WIZO) was established, and later that year she represented the Union of Hebrew Women for Equal Rights in Eretz Israel at the International Woman Suffrage Alliance congress in Geneva. She represented the International Woman Suffrage Alliance on international committees, participated in all its Congresses, and was often included in delegations to the prime ministers of the countries which held the congresses.<ref name="autogenerated1"/>
In 1926 the [[haredim]], who preferred not to face the possibility of a [[plebiscite]], left the [[yishuv]]'s Assembly of Representatives, and that year an official declaration was made (ratified by the mandate government in 1927) confirming "equal rights to women in all aspects of life in the [[yishuv]] – civil, political, and economic."<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DpwFFZG9kDAC&pg=PA272 |title=Pioneers and Homemakers: Jewish Women in Pre-State Israel |date= January 1992|isbn=9780791409053 |accessdate=2013-10-13|last1=Bernstein |first1=Deborah }}</ref> Welt-Straus died in Geneva in 1938.<ref name="autogenerated1"/>
==Further reading==
''Hama'avak al Ha'kol: Leidato shel Feminism Ivri'' [translation: Battle for the Vote: The Birth of Hebrew Feminism], by Prof. Margalit Shilo of Bar-Ilan University.<ref name="haaretz1"/>
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:
[[Category:1856 births]]
[[Category:1938 deaths]]
[[Category:American suffragists]]
[[Category:Austrian suffragists]]
[[Category:Austrian feminists]]
[[Category:American feminists]]
[[Category:American women's rights activists]]
[[Category:Austrian ophthalmologists]]
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