«Մասնակից:Shush.hovsepyan/Ավազարկղ»–ի խմբագրումների տարբերություն
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Տող 123.
==Կանխատեսում==
Նեյրոբլաստոմա By data from [[England]], the overall [[5-year survival]] rate of neuroblastoma is 67%.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.childrenwithcancer.org.uk/childhood-cancer-info/cancer-types/neuroblastoma/|website=[[Children with Cancer UK]]|title=Neuroblastoma overview|accessdate=2020-07-01}}</ref> Between 20% and 50% of high-risk cases do not respond adequately to induction high-dose chemotherapy and are progressive or refractory.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Kushner BH, Kramer K, LaQuaglia MP, Modak S, Yataghene K, Cheung NK | title = Reduction from seven to five cycles of intensive induction chemotherapy in children with high-risk neuroblastoma | journal = Journal of Clinical Oncology | volume = 22 | issue = 24 | pages = 4888–92 | date = December 2004 | pmid = 15611504 | doi = 10.1200/JCO.2004.02.101 }}</ref><ref name="Kreissman et al 2007">{{cite journal | vauthors = Kreissman SG, Villablanca JG, Diller L, London WB, Maris JM, Park JR, Reynolds CP, von Allmen D, Cohn SL, Matthay KK |year=2007 |title=Response and toxicity to a dose-intensive multi-agent chemotherapy induction regimen for high risk neuroblastoma (HR-NB): A Children's Oncology Group (COG A3973) study |journal=Journal of Clinical Oncology |volume=25 |issue=18 Suppl |pages=9505 |url=http://meeting.ascopubs.org/cgi/content/abstract/25/18_suppl/9505 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160110164845/http://meeting.ascopubs.org/cgi/content/abstract/25/18_suppl/9505 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2016-01-10 |doi=10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.9505}}</ref> Relapse after completion of frontline therapy is also common. Further treatment is available in phase I and phase II clinical trials that test new agents and combinations of agents against neuroblastoma, but the outcome remains very poor for relapsed high-risk disease.<ref name="pmid16395684">{{cite journal | vauthors = Ceschel S, Casotto V, Valsecchi MG, Tamaro P, Jankovic M, Hanau G, Fossati F, Pillon M, Rondelli R, Sandri A, Silvestri D, Haupt R, Cuttini M | display-authors = 6 | title = Survival after relapse in children with solid tumors: a follow-up study from the Italian off-therapy registry | journal = Pediatric Blood & Cancer | volume = 47 | issue = 5 | pages = 560–6 | date = October 2006 | pmid = 16395684 | doi = 10.1002/pbc.20726 }}</ref>
Most long-term survivors alive today had low or intermediate risk disease and milder courses of treatment compared to high-risk disease. The majority of survivors have long-term effects from the treatment. Survivors of intermediate and high-risk treatment often experience hearing loss, growth reduction, thyroid function disorders, learning difficulties, and greater risk of secondary cancers affect survivors of high-risk disease.<ref name="pmid17974716">{{cite journal | vauthors = Gurney JG, Tersak JM, Ness KK, Landier W, Matthay KK, Schmidt ML | title = Hearing loss, quality of life, and academic problems in long-term neuroblastoma survivors: a report from the Children's Oncology Group | journal = Pediatrics | volume = 120 | issue = 5 | pages = e1229-36 | date = November 2007 | pmid = 17974716 | doi = 10.1542/peds.2007-0178 | s2cid = 10606999 }}</ref><ref name="pmid17724446">{{cite journal | vauthors = Trahair TN, Vowels MR, Johnston K, Cohn RJ, Russell SJ, Neville KA, Carroll S, Marshall GM | display-authors = 6 | title = Long-term outcomes in children with high-risk neuroblastoma treated with autologous stem cell transplantation | journal = Bone Marrow Transplantation | volume = 40 | issue = 8 | pages = 741–6 | date = October 2007 | pmid = 17724446 | doi = 10.1038/sj.bmt.1705809 | doi-access = free }}</ref> An estimated two of three survivors of childhood cancer will ultimately develop at least one chronic and sometimes life-threatening health problem within 20 to 30 years after the cancer diagnosis.<ref>{{cite web |first=Alan |last=Mozes |date=February 21, 2007 |title=Childhood Cancer Survivors Face Increased Sarcoma Risk |publisher=[[HealthDay]] |url=http://consumer.healthday.com/cancer-information-5/bone-cancer-news-92/childhood-cancer-survivors-face-increased-sarcoma-risk-602068.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150908085659/http://consumer.healthday.com/cancer-information-5/bone-cancer-news-92/childhood-cancer-survivors-face-increased-sarcoma-risk-602068.html |archive-date=September 8, 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Oeffinger KC, Mertens AC, Sklar CA, Kawashima T, Hudson MM, Meadows AT, Friedman DL, Marina N, Hobbie W, Kadan-Lottick NS, Schwartz CL, Leisenring W, Robison LL | display-authors = 6 | title = Chronic health conditions in adult survivors of childhood cancer | journal = The New England Journal of Medicine | volume = 355 | issue = 15 | pages = 1572–82 | date = October 2006 | pmid = 17035650 | doi = 10.1056/NEJMsa060185 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Laverdière C, Liu Q, Yasui Y, Nathan PC, Gurney JG, Stovall M, Diller LR, Cheung NK, Wolden S, Robison LL, Sklar CA | display-authors = 6 | title = Long-term outcomes in survivors of neuroblastoma: a report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study | journal = Journal of the National Cancer Institute | volume = 101 | issue = 16 | pages = 1131–40 | date = August 2009 | pmid = 19648511 | pmc = 2728747 | doi = 10.1093/jnci/djp230 }}</ref>
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