«Մասնակից:Saten Sargsyan/Ավազարկղ»–ի խմբագրումների տարբերություն

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Տող 11.
Խաղի միջոցով սովորելը իբրև ուսուցման համապարփակ մեթոդ լայն կիրառում ունի։ Մարգարեթ Մաքմիլանը (1860-1931) առաջարկում էր դպրոցական երեխային տալ անվճար սնունդ, կաթ, մրգեր և ֆիզիկական ակտիվության հնարավորություն, որպեսզի երեխան ֆիզիկապես և հոգեպես առողջ լինի։ Ռուդոլֆ Սթայները (1861-1925) կարծում էր, որ խաղին հատկացված ժամանակը երեխաներն օգտագործում են խոսելու, հաղորդակցվելու, երևակայությունն ու մտավոր ունակությունները զարգացնելու նպատակով։ Մարիա Մոնթեսորին (1870-1952) հավատացած էր, որ երեխաները սովորում են շարժման և զգայարանների միջոցով։ Ակտիվությունը նպաստում է երեխաների ֆիզիկական առողջությանը, առողջ քնին, ազատում է սթրեսից և զարգացնում է սոցիալական հմտությունները։ Խմբային խաղերը զարգացնում են միմյանց ապրումակցելու ունակությունը։
 
Օհայոյի համալսարանի հետազոտողների ուսումնասիրության համաձայն, սեղանի խաղերը տարրական դպրոցում նպաստում են երեխաների սոցիալական հմտությունների ձևավորմանը։ Իբրև դրական վերջնարդյունքներ նշվում են երեխաների մոտ փոխօգնության, համագործակցության ձևավորումը, իսկ բացասական վերջնարդյունքներից են անտեսվածությունը և խաղի կանոններին հետևելու պատճառով առաջացած հիասթափությունը։
 
Սակայն, տեխնոլոգիաների զարգացմանը զուգահեռ, խաղը իբրև միջոց սկսել է տարրալուծվել և վերափոխվել է տեխնոլգիաների միջոցով խաղի։ Տեխնոլոգիան ներխուժել է նաև այս ոլորտը և անհրաժեշտ է հավասարակշռել այս երկու երևույթները։
 
===== Երեխայի զարգացման տեսություններ =====
In a more contemporary approach, organizations such as the National Association of the Education of Young Children (NAEYC) promote child-guided learning experiences, individualized learning, and developmentally appropriate learning as tenets of early childhood education. A study by the Ohio State University also analyzed the effects of implementing board games in elementary classrooms. This study found that implementing board games in the classroom "helped students develop social skills that transferred to other areas." Specific outcomes included students being more helpful, cooperative and thoughtful with other students. Negative outcomes included children feeling excluded and showing frustration with game rules.
 
Piaget provides an explanation for why learning through play is such a crucial aspect of learning as a child. However, due to the advancement of technology, the art of play has started to dissolve and has transformed into "playing" through technology. Greenfield, quoted by the author, Stuart Wolpert, in the article "''Is Technology Producing a Decline in Critical Thinking and Analysis?",'' states, "No media is good for everything. If we want to develop a variety of skills, we need a balanced media diet. Each medium has costs and benefits in terms of what skills each develops." Technology is beginning to invade the art of play and a balance needs to be found.
 
The Developmental Interaction Approach is based on the theories of Jean Piaget, Erik Erikson, John Dewey, and Lucy Sprague Mitchell. The approach focuses on learning through discovery. Jean Jacques Rousseau recommended that teachers should exploit individual children's interests in order to make sure each child obtains the information most essential to his personal and individual development. The five developmental domains of childhood development include: To meet those developmental domains, a child has a set of needs that must be met for learning. Maslow's hierarchy of needs showcases the different levels of needs that must be met the chart to the right showcases these needs.
Many oppose the theory of learning through play because they think children are not gaining new knowledge. In reality, play is the first way children learn to make sense of the world at a young age. Research suggests that the way children play and interact with concepts at a young age could help explain the differences in social and cognitive interactions later. When learning what behavior to associate with a set action can help lead children on to a more capable future. As children watch adults interact around them, they pick up on their slight nuances, from facial expressions to their tone of voice. They are exploring different roles, learning how things work, and learning to communicate and work with others. These things cannot be taught by a standard curriculum, but have to be developed through the method of play. Many preschools understand the importance of play and have designed their curriculum around that to allow children to have more freedom. Once these basics are learned at a young age, it sets children up for success throughout their schooling and their life.<sup>[''citation needed'']</sup>
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
 
* Physical: the way in which a child develops biological and physical functions, including eyesight and motor skills
Many<sup>[''who?'']</sup> say that those who succeed in kindergarten know when and how to control their impulses. They can follow through when a task is difficult and listen to directions for a few minutes. These skills are linked to self-control, which is within the social and emotional development that is learned over time through play among other things.<sup>[</sup>
* Social: the way in which a child interacts with others Children develop an understanding of their responsibilities and rights as members of families and communities, as well as an ability to relate to and work with others.
* Emotional: the way in which a child creates emotional connections and develops self-confidence. Emotional connections develop when children relate to other people and share feelings.
* Language: the way in which a child communicates, including how they present their feelings and emotions, both to other people and to themselves. At 3 months, children employ different cries for different needs. At 6 months they can recognize and imitate the basic sounds of spoken language. In the first 3 years, children need to be exposed to communication with others in order to pick up language. "Normal" language development is measured by the rate of vocabulary acquisition.
* Cognitive skills: the way in which a child organizes information. Cognitive skills include problem solving, creativity, imagination and memory. They embody the way in which children make sense of the world. Piaget believed that children exhibit prominent differences in their thought patterns as they move through the stages of cognitive development: sensorimotor period, the pre-operational period, and the operational period.
 
== Արտաքին հղումներ ==