«Մասնակից:Lusine Danukh/Ավազարկղ»–ի խմբագրումների տարբերություն
Content deleted Content added
Փոխվում է էջը 'smth new'-ով Պիտակ՝ Փոխարինում |
No edit summary |
||
Տող 1.
{{short description|1928 novel by D. H. Lawrence}}
{{about|the novel}}
{{EngvarB|date=September 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2013}}
{{Infobox book
| name = Lady Chatterley's Lover
| title_orig =
| translator =
| image = Lady Chatterleys Lover.jpg
| caption = First edition cover
| author = [[D. H. Lawrence]]
| illustrator =
| country = Italy (1st publication)
| cover_artist =
| language = English
| series =
| genre = Romance<br/>[[Erotic novel|Erotic]]
| publisher = [[Tipografia Giuntina]]
| release_date = 1928
| preceded_by = [[John Thomas and Lady Jane]] (1927)
| followed_by =
}}
'''''Lady Chatterley's Lover''''' is a novel by English author [[D. H. Lawrence]], first published privately in 1928 in Italy, and in 1929 in France.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2010/oct/22/dh-lawrence-lady-chatterley-trial|title=The trial of Lady Chatterley's Lover|last=QC|first=Geoffrey Robertson|date=2010-10-22|newspaper=The Guardian|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077|access-date=2016-09-06}}</ref> An [[unexpurgated]] edition was not published openly in the United Kingdom until 1960, when it was the subject of a watershed [[R v Penguin Books Ltd|obscenity trial]] against the publisher [[Penguin Books]]. Penguin won the case, and quickly sold 3 million copies.<ref name=":0" /> The book was also banned for [[obscenity]] in the United States (1929–59), Canada, Australia, [[India]], and Japan. The book soon became notorious for its story of the physical (and emotional) relationship between a [[working class]] man and an [[upper class]] woman, its [[Sexually explicit|explicit descriptions of sex]], and its use of then-unprintable [[four-letter word|(four-letter) words]].
The story is said to have originated from certain events in Lawrence's own unhappy domestic life, and he took inspiration for the settings of the book from the county of [[Nottinghamshire]], where he grew up. According to some critics, the fling of [[Lady Ottoline Morrell]] with "Tiger", a young [[stonemason]] who came to carve [[plinth]]s for her garden statues, also influenced the story.<ref>{{Citation | first = Maev | last = Kennedy | url = https://www.theguardian.com/uk_news/story/0,,1891481,00.html | title = The real Lady Chatterley: society hostess loved and parodied by Bloomsbury group | newspaper = [[The Guardian]] | place = London, United Kingdom | date = 10 October 2006 | accessdate = 19 June 2008}}.</ref> Lawrence at one time considered calling the novel "''Tenderness''", and made significant alterations to the text and story in the process of its composition.
== Plot introduction ==
The story concerns a young married woman, the former Constance Reid (Lady Chatterley), whose upper class husband, Sir Clifford Chatterley, described as a handsome, well-built man, has been [[paralysed]] from the waist down due to a [[World War I|Great War]] injury. In addition to Clifford's physical limitations, his emotional neglect of Constance forces distance between the couple. Her emotional frustration leads her into an affair with the [[gamekeeper]], Oliver Mellors. The class difference between the couple highlights a major motif of the novel which is the unfair dominance of intellectuals over the working class. The novel is about Constance's realization that she cannot live with the mind alone; she must also be alive physically. This realization stems from a heightened sexual experience Constance has only felt with Mellors, suggesting that love can only happen with the element of the body, not the mind.
== Themes ==
In ''Lady Chatterley's Lover'', Lawrence comes full circle to argue once again for individual regeneration, which can be found only through the relationship between man and woman (and, he asserts sometimes, man and man). Love and personal relationships are the threads that bind this novel together. Lawrence explores a wide range of different types of relationships. The reader sees the brutal, bullying relationship between Mellors and his wife Bertha, who punishes him by preventing his pleasure. There is Tommy Dukes, who has no relationship because he cannot find a woman whom he respects intellectually and, at the same time, finds desirable. There is also the perverse, maternal relationship that ultimately develops between Clifford and Mrs. Bolton, his caring nurse, after Constance has left.
=== Mind and body ===
[[Richard Hoggart]] argues that the main subject of ''Lady Chatterley's Lover'' is not the sexual passages that were the subject of such debate, but the search for integrity and wholeness.<ref name="Intro, 2nd edition">{{Harvnb | Hoggart | 1961 | p = viii}}.</ref> Key to this integrity is cohesion between the mind and the body for "body without mind is brutish; mind without body ... is a running away from our double being."{{Sfn | Hoggart | 1961 | p = viii}} ''Lady Chatterley's Lover'' focuses on the incoherence of living a life that is "all mind", which Lawrence saw as particularly true among the young members of the aristocratic classes, as in his description of Constance's and her sister Hilda's "tentative love-affairs" in their youth:
{{quote|So they had given the gift of themselves, each to the youth with whom she had the most subtle and intimate arguments. The arguments, the discussions were the great thing: the love-making and connection were only sort of primitive reversion and a bit of an anti-climax.{{Sfn | Lawrence | 1961 | page = 7}}}}
The contrast between mind and body can be seen in the dissatisfaction each has with their previous relationships: Constance's lack of intimacy with her husband who is "all mind" and Mellors's choice to live apart from his wife because of her "brutish" sexual nature.{{Sfn | Hoggart | 1961 | p = x}} These dissatisfactions lead them into a relationship that builds very slowly and is based upon tenderness, physical passion and mutual respect. As the relationship between Lady Chatterley and Mellors develops, they learn more about the interrelation of the mind and the body; she learns that sex is more than a shameful and disappointing act, and he learns about the spiritual challenges that come from physical love.
Jenny Turner maintained in ''The Sexual Imagination from Acker to Zola: A Feminist Companion'' (1993) that the publication of ''Lady Chatterley's Lover'' broke "the taboo on explicit representations of sexual acts in British and North American literature". She described the novel as "a book of great libertarian energy and heteroerotic beauty".<ref>{{cite book|author=Turner, Jenny|editor=Gilbert, Harriett|title=The Sexual Imagination from Acker to Zola: A Feminist Companion|publisher=Jonathan Cape|date=1993|page=149}}</ref>
=== Class ===
''Lady Chatterley's Lover'' also presents some views on the [[Social structure of Britain|British social context]] of the early 20th century. This is most evidently seen in the plot; the affair of an aristocratic woman (Connie) with a working class man (Mellors). This is heightened when Mellors adopts the local broad Derbyshire dialect, something he can slip in and out of. Critic and writer [[Mark Schorer]] writes of the forbidden love of a woman of relatively superior social situation who is drawn to an "outsider" (a man of lower social rank or a foreigner). He considers this a familiar construction in D.H. Lawrence's works, in which the woman either resists her impulse or yields to it.<ref>{{Citation | last = Schorer | first = Mark | contribution = Introduction | title = Lady Chatterley's Lover | place = New York | publisher = Grover Press | year = 1993 | p = 17}}.</ref> Schorer believes the two possibilities were embodied, respectively, in the situation into which Lawrence was born, and that into which Lawrence married, therefore becoming a favourite topic in his work.
There is a clear class divide between the inhabitants of Wragby and Tevershall, bridged by the nurse Mrs Bolton. Clifford is more self assured in his position, whereas Connie is often thrown when the villagers treat her as a Lady (for instance when she has tea in the village). This is often made explicit in the narration, for instance:
{{quote|Clifford Chatterley was more upper class than Connie. Connie was well-to-do [[intelligentsia]], but he was aristocracy. Not the big sort, but still ''it''. His father was a baronet, and his mother had been a viscount's daughter.{{Sfn | Lawrence | 2003 | p = 5}}}}
There are also signs of dissatisfaction and resentment from the Tevershall [[coal pit]] colliers, whose fortunes are in decline, against Clifford who owns the mines. Involved with hard, dangerous and health-threatening employment, the unionised and self-supporting pit-village communities in Britain have been home to more pervasive class barriers than has been the case in other industries (for an example, see chapter two of ''[[The Road to Wigan Pier]]'' by [[George Orwell]].) They were also centres of widespread [[Nonconformism|non-conformist]] (Non-Anglican Protestant) religion, which tended to hold especially proscriptive views on matters such as adultery. References to the concepts of [[anarchism]], [[socialism]], [[communism]] and [[capitalism]] permeate the book. [[Strike action|Union strikes]] were also a constant preoccupation in Wragby Hall.
Coal mining is a recurrent and familiar theme in Lawrence's life and writing due to his background, and is also prominent in ''[[Sons and Lovers]]'' and ''[[Women in Love]]'', as well as short stories such as ''[[Odour of Chrysanthemums]]''.
=== Industrialisation and nature ===
As in much of Lawrence's fiction, a key theme is the contrast between the vitality of nature and the mechanised monotony of mining and industrialism. Clifford wants to reinvigorate the mines with new technology and is out of touch with the natural world.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Lawrence and the Nature Tradition: A Theme in English Fiction 1859-1914|last=Ebbatson|first=Roger|publisher=Harvester|year=1980|isbn=|location=|pages=44}}</ref> In contrast, Connie often appreciates the beauty of nature and sees the ugliness of the mines in Uthwaite. Her heightened sensual appreciation applies not just to her sexual relationship with Mellors, but to nature too.
== Controversy ==
An edition of the novel was published in Britain in 1932 by Martin Secker; reviewing it in ''[[The Observer]]'', the journalist [[Gerald Gould]] noted that "passages are necessarily omitted to which the author undoubtedly attached supreme psychological importance – importance so great, that he was willing to face obloquy and misunderstanding and censorship because of them".<ref>"New Novels", ''The Observer'', 28 February 1932, p. 6.</ref> An authorised and heavily censored abridgment was published in the United States by [[Alfred A. Knopf, Inc.]] in 1928. This edition was subsequently reissued in paperback in the United States by Signet Books in 1946.
=== British obscenity trial ===
{{main |R v Penguin Books Ltd.}}
When the full unexpurgated edition was published by [[Penguin Books]] in Britain in 1960, the [[R v Penguin Books Ltd.|trial of Penguin]] under the [[Obscene Publications Act 1959]] was a major public event and a test of the new [[obscenity]] law. The 1959 Act (introduced by [[Roy Jenkins]]) had made it possible for publishers to escape conviction if they could show that a work was of [[literary merit]]. One of the objections was to the frequent use of the word "[[fuck]]" and its derivatives. Another objection related to the use of the word "[[cunt]]".
Various academic critics and experts of diverse kinds, including [[E. M. Forster]], [[Helen Gardner (critic)|Helen Gardner]], [[Richard Hoggart]], [[Raymond Williams]] and [[Norman St John-Stevas]], were called as witnesses, and the verdict, delivered on 2 November 1960, was "not guilty". This resulted in a far greater degree of freedom for publishing explicit material in the United Kingdom. The prosecution was ridiculed for being out of touch with changing social norms when the chief prosecutor, [[Mervyn Griffith-Jones]], asked if it were the kind of book "you would wish your wife or servants to read".
The Penguin second edition, published in 1961, contains a publisher's dedication, which reads: "For having published this book, Penguin Books was prosecuted under the Obscene Publications Act, 1959 at the [[Old Bailey]] in London from 20 October to 2 November 1960. This edition is therefore dedicated to the twelve jurors, three women and nine men, who returned a verdict of 'not guilty' and thus made D. H. Lawrence's last novel available for the first time to the public in the United Kingdom".
In 2006, the trial was dramatized by [[BBC Wales]] as ''[[The Chatterley Affair]]''.
=== Australia ===
{{main|Censorship in Australia}}
Not only was the book banned in Australia, but a book describing the British trial, ''The Trial of Lady Chatterley'', was also banned. A copy was [[Smuggling|smuggled]] into the country and then published widely.<!--In what year?--> The fallout from this event eventually led to the easing of [[censorship in Australia|censorship]] of books in the country, although the country still retains the [[Australian Classification Board]].
=== Canada ===
{{main|Censorship in Canada}}
In 1962, [[McGill University]] Professor of Law and Canadian [[modernist]] poet [[F. R. Scott]] appeared before the [[Supreme Court of Canada]] to defend ''Lady Chatterley's Lover'' from censorship. Scott represented the appellants, booksellers who had been offering the book for sale.
The case arose when the police had seized their copies of the book and deposited them with a judge of the Court of Sessions of the Peace, who issued a notice to the booksellers to show cause why the books should not be confiscated as obscene, contrary to s 150A of the [[Criminal Code (Canada)|Criminal Code]].<ref>''Criminal Code'', SC 1953-54, c 51, s. 150A, as enacted by SC 1959, c 41, s 12.</ref> The trial judge eventually ruled that the book was obscene and ordered that the copies be confiscated. This decision was upheld by the Quebec Court of Queen's Bench, Appeal Side (now the [[Quebec Court of Appeal]]).<ref>''Brodie v The Queen'' (1961), 36 CR 200 (Que QB (App Side)).</ref>
Scott then appealed the case to the Supreme Court of Canada. That Court allowed the appeal on a 5–4 split, holding that the book was not an obscene publication.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://scc-csc.lexum.com/scc-csc/scc-csc/en/item/6798/index.do?r=AAAAAQAKY2hhdHRlcmxleQE|title=Brody, Dansky, Rubin v. The Queen, [1962] S.C.R. 681|website=scc-csc.lexum.com|language=en|date=1962|access-date=2018-05-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160104203113/http://scc-csc.lexum.com/scc-csc/scc-csc/en/item/6798/index.do?r=AAAAAQAKY2hhdHRlcmxleQE|archivedate=2016-01-04|url-status=live}}</ref>
On 15 November 1960 an Ontario panel of experts, appointed by Attorney General Kelso Roberts, found that novel was not obscene according to the Canadian [[Criminal Code (Canada)|Criminal Code]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www1.sympatico.ca/cgi-bin/on_this_day?mth=Nov&day=15 |archive-url=https://archive.is/20121210072433/http://www1.sympatico.ca/cgi-bin/on_this_day?mth=Nov&day=15 |url-status=dead |archive-date=10 December 2012 |title=News |publisher=Sympatico.ca |accessdate=14 February 2011}}</ref>
=== United States ===
''Lady Chatterley's Lover'' was banned for [[obscenity]] in the United States in 1929. In 1930, [[U.S. Senator|Senator]] [[Bronson Cutting]] proposed an amendment to the [[Smoot–Hawley Tariff Act]], which was then being debated, ending the practice of having United States Customs censor allegedly obscene imported books. Senator [[Reed Smoot]] vigorously opposed such an amendment, threatening to publicly read indecent passages of imported books in front of the Senate. Although he never followed through, he included ''Lady Chatterley's Lover'' as an example of an obscene book that must not reach domestic audiences, declaring "I've not taken ten minutes on ''Lady Chatterley's Lover'', outside of looking at its opening pages. It is most damnable! It is written by a man with a diseased mind and a soul so black that he would obscure even the darkness of hell!"<ref>[http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,738937,00.html "Decency Squabble"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130827230559/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0%2C9171%2C738937%2C00.html |date=27 August 2013 }}, ''Time'' magazine, 31 March 1930</ref>
A [[Lady Chatterley's Lover (1955 film)|1955 French film version]] based on the novel and released by Kingsley Pictures was the subject of attempted censorship in New York in 1959 on the grounds that it promoted adultery.<ref>{{cite news|last=Crowther |first=Bosley |url= https://movies.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=980CE4DE143BEF3BBC4952DFB1668382649EDE |title=Controversial Movie has Première Here | newspaper= The New York Times | date=11 July 1959 |accessdate=14 February 2011}}</ref> The [[Supreme Court of the United States|US Supreme Court]] held on 29 June 1959 that the law prohibiting its showing was a violation of the [[First Amendment to the United States Constitution|First Amendment's]] protection of free speech.<ref>{{Citation | url = http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/cgi-bin/getcase.pl?friend=nytimes&navby=case&court=us&vol=360&invol=684 | title = Kingsley Pictures Corp. v. Regents, 360 U.S. 684 | date=29 June 1959 | publisher = Find law}}.</ref>
The ban on ''Lady Chatterley's Lover'', ''[[Tropic of Cancer (novel)|Tropic of Cancer]]'', and ''[[Fanny Hill]]'' was fought and overturned in court with assistance by publisher [[Barney Rosset]] and lawyer [[Charles Rembar]] in 1959.<ref>{{Citation | url = https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=15811131582924106766 | title = Grove Press, Inc. v. Christenberry, 175 F. Supp. 488 (SDNY 1959) | date = 21 July 1959}}.</ref> It was then published by Rosset's [[Grove Press]], with the complete opinion by United States Court of Appeals Judge [[Frederick van Pelt Bryan]], which first established the standard of "redeeming social or literary value" as a defence against obscenity charges. Fred Kaplan of ''[[The New York Times]]'' stated the overturning of the obscenity laws "set off an explosion of [[free speech]]".<ref>{{cite news|last1=Kaplan|first1=Fred|title=The Day Obscenity Became Art|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/07/21/opinion/21kaplan.html|agency=The New York Times|accessdate=February 17, 2018}}</ref>
[[Susan Sontag]], in a 1961 essay in ''The Supplement'' to the ''[[Columbia Daily Spectator|Columbia Spectator]]'' that was republished in ''[[Against Interpretation]]'' (1966), dismissed ''Lady Chatterley's Lover'' as a "sexually reactionary" book, and suggested that the importance given to vindicating it showed that the United States was "plainly at a very elementary stage of sexual maturity."<ref>{{cite book |author=Sontag, Susan |title=Against Interpretation and Other Essays |publisher=Anchor Books |location=New York |year=1990 |pages=ix, 256 |isbn=0-385-26708-8 |oclc= |doi= |accessdate=}}</ref>
=== Japan ===
{{main|:ja:チャタレー事件}}
The publication of a full translation of ''Lady Chatterley's Lover'' by [[Sei Itō]] in 1950 led to a famous obscenity trial in Japan, extending from 8 May 1951 to 18 January 1952, with appeals lasting to 13 March 1957. Several notable literary figures testified for the defence, and the trial ultimately ended in a guilty verdict with a ¥100,000 fine for Ito and a ¥250,000 fine for his publisher.
=== India ===
In 1964, bookseller Ranjit Udeshi in [[Bombay]] was prosecuted under Sec. 292 of the [[Indian Penal Code]] (sale of obscene books)<ref>{{cite web | work = Indian penal code | url = http://www.vakilno1.com/bareacts/IndianPenalCode/S292.htm | title = Laws – IPC – Section 292 | publisher = Vakilno 1 | accessdate = 14 February 2011 | url-status = dead | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20110518194308/http://www.vakilno1.com/bareacts/IndianPenalCode/S292.htm | archivedate = 18 May 2011 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> for selling an unexpurgated copy of ''Lady Chatterley's Lover''.
''Ranjit D. Udeshi v. State of Maharashtra'' (AIR 1965 SC 881) was eventually laid before a three-judge bench of the Supreme Court of India, where Chief Justice Hidayatullah declared the law on the subject of when a book can be regarded as obscene and established important tests of obscenity such as the [[Hicklin test]].<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.worldlii.org/in/cases/cen/INSC/1964/177.html|title=Ranjit D. Udeshi v. State of Maharashtra (1964)|publisher=Worldlii | accessdate=14 February 2011}}</ref>
The judgement upheld the conviction, stating that:
{{quote|When everything said in its favour we find that in treating with sex the impugned portions viewed separately and also in the setting of the whole book pass the permissible limits judged of from our community standards and as there is no social gain to us which can be said to preponderate, we must hold the book to satisfy the test we have indicated above.}}
== Cultural influence ==
In the United States, the free publication of ''Lady Chatterley's Lover'' was a significant event in the "[[sexual revolution]]". At the time, the book was a topic of widespread discussion and a byword of sorts. In 1965, [[Tom Lehrer]] recorded a satirical song entitled "Smut", in which the speaker in the song lyrics cheerfully acknowledges his enjoyment of such material; "Who needs a hobby like tennis or philately?/I've got a hobby: rereading ''Lady Chatterley''."
British poet [[Philip Larkin]]'s poem "Annus Mirabilis" begins with a reference to the trial:
{{poemquote|
Sexual intercourse began
In nineteen sixty-three
(which was rather late for me) -
Between the end of the "''Chatterley''" ban
And [[Please Please Me|the Beatles' first LP]].
}}
By 1976, the story had become sufficiently safe in the United Kingdom to be parodied by ''[[Morecambe and Wise]]''; a "play what Ernie wrote", ''The Handyman and M'Lady'', was obviously based on it, with [[Michele Dotrice]] as the Lady Chatterley figure. Introducing it, Ernie explained that his play "concerns a rich, titled young lady who is deprived of love, caused by her husband falling into a combine harvester, which unfortunately makes him impudent."<ref>[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1700689/ “The Morecambe & Wise Show (1968–1977). Episode #9.2”]. IMDb.</ref>
== Standard editions ==
* First published privately in 1928 in [[Florence]], with assistance from [[Pino Orioli]], and in France in 1929. A private edition was issued in Australia by [[P. R. Stephensen|Inky Stephensen]]'s Mandrake Press in 1929.<ref>{{Citation|last=Winter|first=Barbara|title=The Australia-First Movement and the Publicist, 1936–1942|year=2005|place=Carindale, Queensland|publisher=Glass House|ISBN=1-876819-91-X}}.</ref>
* {{cite book|title=Lady Chatterley's Lover|year=1928|editor= Michael Squires|publisher= [[Cambridge University Press]], 1993| ISBN= 0-521-22266-4}}
*Soon after the 1928 publication and suppression, an unexpurgated [[Tauchnitz]] edition appeared in Europe. [[Jock Colville]], then 18, purchased a copy in Germany in 1933 and lent it to his mother [[Lady Cynthia Colville|Lady Cynthia]], who passed it on to [[Mary of Teck|Queen Mary]], only for it to be confiscated by [[King George V]].<ref>''Footprints in Time''. John Colville. 1976. Chapter 6, Lady Chatterley's Lover.</ref>
*In 1946, Victor Pettersons Bokindustriaktiebolag [[Stockholm]], Sweden published an English hardcover edition, copyright Jan Förlag. It is marked "Unexpurgated authorized edition". A paperback edition followed in 1950.{{citation needed|date=May 2013}}
* {{cite book|title=The First and Second Lady Chatterley Novels|editor= Dieter Mehl & Christa Jansohn|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year= 1999| ISBN= 0-521-47116-8}} These two books, ''The First Lady Chatterley'' and ''[[John Thomas and Lady Jane]]'', were earlier drafts of Lawrence's last novel.
* {{cite book|title=The Second Lady Chatterley's Lover|publisher= Oneworld Classics|year= 2007| ISBN =978-1-84749-019-3}} Lawrence's 1927 version.
== Adaptations ==
=== Books ===
''Lady Chatterley's Lover'' has been re-imagined as a love triangle set in contemporary Silicon Valley, California in the novel ''Miss Chatterley'' by Logan Belle (the pseudonym for American author Jamie Brenner) published by Pocket Star/Simon & Schuster, May 2013.<ref>{{cite book|title=Miss Chatterley| first =Logan | last = Belle | date =May 2013|publisher=Pocket Star/Simon & Schuster}}</ref>
=== Film and television ===
''Lady Chatterley's Lover'' has been adapted for film and television several times:
* ''[[L'Amant de lady Chatterley]]'' (1955), starring [[Danielle Darrieux]], was banned in the United States because it "promoted adultery", but was released in 1959 after the Supreme Court reversed that decision.<ref>{{cite news|url= http://nymag.com/movies/reviews/33521/|title= Mariane's Labyrinth: ''A Mighty Heart'' is a powerful journey down terror's rat holes. Plus: French erotics and Hollywood piety| first = David | last = Edelstein |date= 17 June 2007}}</ref>
* ''[[Edakallu Guddada Mele]]'' (''On top of Edakallu Hill'') (1973), an [[India]]n [[Kannada language]] film starring [[Jayanthi (actress)|Jayanthi]] and directed by [[Puttanna Kanagal]], was loosely based on ''Lady Chatterley's Lover''.
* ''[[Sharapancharam]]'' (''Bed of Arrows'') (1979), an Indian [[Malayalam language]] film starring [[Jayan]] and [[Sheela]] and directed by [[Hariharan (director)|Hariharan]], was loosely based on ''Lady Chatterley's Lover''.
* [[Lady Chatterley's Lover (1981 film)|''Lady Chatterley's Lover'']] (1981) directed by [[Just Jaeckin]] and produced by [[Menahem Golan]] and [[Yoram Globus]], starred [[Sylvia Kristel]] and [[Nicholas Clay]]. (Jaeckin had previously directed Kristel in ''[[Emmanuelle (film)|Emmanuelle]],'' which was released in 1974.)
* ''[[Lady Chatterley (1993 TV serial)|Lady Chatterley]]'' (1993), is a [[BBC Television]] serial which was directed by [[Ken Russell]] for [[BBC Television]]; it starred [[Joely Richardson]] and [[Sean Bean]] and incorporated some material from the longer second version ''John Thomas and Lady Jane.''
* ''The Daughter of Lady Chatterley'' (''La Figlia di Lady Chatterley'') (1995) is an Italian adaptation directed by Emanuele Glisenti and starring Solange Cousseau.{{citation needed|date=May 2013}}
* ''Milenec lady Chatterleyové'' (1998) is a Czech television version directed by Viktor Polesný and starring Zdena Studenková (Constance), [[Marek Vašut]] (Clifford), and [[Boris Rösner]] (Mellors).<ref>{{IMDb title |id=0420778 | title = Milenec lady Chatterleyové |description=(1998 Czech-language television version) }}.</ref>
*''Ang Kabit ni Mrs Montero'' (''Mrs. Montero's Paramour,'' 1998) is a Filipino soft-core film adapted by director [[Peque Gallaga]]. Edu Manzano was cast as Cal Montero, the localised version of Clifford Chatterley (now a hacienda owner), Patricia Javier as his wife Gail, and [[Gardo Versoza]] as the local version of Mellors. [[Sunshine Cruz]] was added as a physical therapist tending to Mr Montero.{{citation needed|date=May 2013}}
*The French director Pascale Ferran<ref>{{IMDb name |id=0273863 |name=Pascale Ferran}}</ref> filmed a [[Lady Chatterley (film)|French-Language version]] (2006) with [[Marina Hands]] as Constance and Jean-Louis Coulloc'h as the gamekeeper, which won the [[Cesar Award for Best Film]] in 2007. Marina Hands was awarded best actress at the 2007 [[Tribeca Film Festival]].<ref>{{Citation | first = André | last = Soares | url = http://www.altfg.com/blog/awards/tribeca-film-festival-awards-2007-winners/ | contribution = Tribeca Film Festival Awards – 2007 Winners | title = Alternative Film Guide | date = 5 May 2007 | accessdate = 19 June 2008}}.</ref> The film was based on ''John Thomas and Lady Jane'', Lawrence's second version of the story. It was broadcast on the French television channel Arte on 22 June 2007 as ''Lady Chatterley et l'homme des bois'' (''Lady Chatterley and the Man of the Woods'').
*''[[Lady Chatterley's Lover (2015 film)|Lady Chatterley's Lover]]'' (2015) is a [[BBC]] television film starring [[Holliday Grainger]], [[Richard Madden]] and [[James Norton (actor)|James Norton]].<ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/latestnews/2014/lady-chatterley BBC] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151118160059/http://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/latestnews/2014/lady-chatterley |date=18 November 2015 }}</ref> Produced by [[Hartswood Films]] and Serena Cullen Productions, it was first broadcast on [[BBC One]] on 6 September 2015.<ref name="BBC Online 6 September 2015">{{cite web | title= BBC One: Lady Chatterley's Lover |url= http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b06b4jpw| author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|date= 6 September 2015 | website= [[BBC Online]] | accessdate= 6 September 2015}}</ref>
;Use of character
The character of Lady Chatterley appears in ''Fanny Hill Meets Lady Chatterly {{sic}}'' (1967), ''Lady Chatterly {{sic}} Versus Fanny Hill'' (1974), and ''Young Lady Chatterley'' (1977).{{citation needed| date=May 2013}} [[Bartholomew Bandy]] meets her shortly after her 1917 marriage in the novel ''Three Cheers for Me'' (1962, revised 1973) by [[Donald Jack]].
=== Radio ===
''Lady Chatterley's Lover'' has been adapted for [[BBC Radio 4]] by Michelene Wandor and was first broadcast in September 2006.<ref name="BBC Online 17 September 2006">{{cite web | title= BBC Radio 4: Open Book |url= http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/arts/openbook/openbook_20060917.shtml| author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|date= 17 September 2006| website= [[BBC Online]] | accessdate= 6 September 2015}}</ref>
=== Theatre ===
{{Unreferenced section|date=May 2013}}
Lawrence's novel was successfully dramatised for the stage in a three-act play by British playwright John Harte. Although produced at the [[Arts Theatre]] in London in 1961 (and elsewhere later on), his play was written in 1953. It was the only D.H. Lawrence novel ever to be staged, and his dramatisation was the only one to be read and approved by Lawrence's widow, [[Frieda von Richthofen|Frieda]]. Despite her attempts to obtain the copyright for Harte to have his play staged in the 1950s, [[Philippe de Rothschild|Baron Philippe de Rothschild]] did not relinquish the dramatic rights until [[Lady Chatterley's Lover (1955 film)|his film version]] was released in France.
Only the [[Old Bailey]] trial against [[Penguin Books]] for alleged obscenity in publishing the unexpurgated paperback edition of the novel prevented the play's transfer to the much bigger [[Wyndham's Theatre]], for which it had already been licensed by the [[Lord Chamberlain's Office]] on 12 August 1960 with [[Theatre censorship|passages censored]]. It was fully booked out for its limited run at the Arts Theatre and well reviewed by [[Harold Hobson]], the prevailing [[West End of London|West End]] theatre critic of the time.
A new stage version will open in autumn 2016 adapted and directed by Philip Breen opening at Sheffield Theatre and going on a UK tour Produced by English Touring Theatre and Sheffield Theatres.
== See also ==
*[[Le Monde's 100 Books of the Century|''Le Monde''{{'s}} 100 Books of the Century]]
== References ==
{{reflist|30em}}
== Bibliography ==
=== Editions ===
* {{cite book |last= Lawrence |first= D. H. |editor-first= Michael |editor-last= Squires |title= Lady Chatterley's Lover and A Propos of 'Lady Chatterley's Lover' |series= The Cambridge Edition of the Works of D. H. Lawrence |location= Cambridge |publisher= University of Cambridge Press |date= 2002 |isbn= 0-521-00717-8 |quote= Edited with an introduction, explanatory notes, glossary, textual apparatus and various appendices by Michael Squire. The standard and definitive text.}}
== Further reading ==
*{{cite book |title=The Trial of Lady Chatterley |first=C. H. |last=Rolph |location=London |publisher=Penguin |year=1961 |isbn=0-14-013381-X |ref=harv |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/trialofladychatt00rolp }}
*{{cite book | last = Hoggart |first=R. | chapter =Introduction | title = Lady Chatterley's Lover |location=Harmondsworth |publisher=Penguin |year=1973 | edition = 2nd |isbn = 0-14-001484-5 | ref = harv}}
**{{Citation | last = Hoggart | first = R | year = 1961 | contribution = Introduction | title = Lady Chatterley's Lover | edition = 2nd | author-mask = 3}}.
* {{Citation | last = Lawrence | first = DH | year = 1961 | origyear = 1928 | title = Lady Chatterley's Lover | edition = 2nd}}.
* {{Citation | last = Lawrence | first = DH | origyear = 1928 | year = 2003 | title = Lady Chatterley's Lover | place = New York | publisher = Signet | author-mask = 3}}.
* Sybille Bedford: ''The trial of Lady Chatterley's lover''; with an introduction by Thomas Grant, London : Daunt Books, [2016], {{ISBN|978-1-907970-97-9}}
== External links ==
* Free e-text of ''[http://gutenberg.net.au/ebooks01/0100181h.html Lady Chatterley's Lover]'' on Project Gutenberg Australia.
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20150314220758/http://www.groveatlantic.com/#page=isbn9780802133342#page=isbn9780802133342 ''Lady Chatterley's Lover''] at [[Grove Press]], the American publisher of the book
* [http://www.sparknotes.com/lit/ladychatterley/summary.html ''Lady Chatterley's Lover'', D.H. Lawrence] plot summary
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110417163825/http://www.bristol.ac.uk/is/library/collections/specialcollections/archives/penguin/chatterley.html ''Lady Chatterley's Lover'' trial papers] University of Bristol Library Special Collections
* [https://www.theguardian.com/books/2010/oct/22/dh-lawrence-lady-chatterley-trial ''Guardian'' newspaper analysis of the trial]
* [https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/michael-rubinstein-728762.html Obituary for Michael Rubinstein] ''The Independent'', 15 January 2001
*[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/4691018/History-of-Penguin-archive.html History of the Penguin Archive] by Toby Clements, ''The Telegraph'' (London), 19 February 2009
{{Lady Chatterley's Lover|state=expanded}}
{{D. H. Lawrence}}
{{Sexual revolution}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:1928 British novels]]
[[Category:Adultery in novels]]
[[Category:British erotic novels]]
[[Category:Novels by D. H. Lawrence]]
[[Category:British novels adapted into films]]
[[Category:Obscenity controversies in literature]]
[[Category:Novels set in Nottinghamshire]]
[[Category:United States pornography law]]
[[Category:Novels adapted into television programs]]
[[Category:Censored books]]
| |||