«Քաղաքական ազատություն»–ի խմբագրումների տարբերություն

'''Քաղաքական ազատություն''' (հայտնի նաև քաղաքական [[անկախություն]]) Արևմտյան պատմության և քաղաքական մտքի հիմնական [[փիլիսոփայություն]]ն է և [[դեմոկրատիա|դեմոկրատական]] հասարակության ամենակարևոր հատկանիշներից մեկը:<ref>Hannah Arendt, "What is Freedom?", ''Between Past and Future: Eight Exercises in Political Thought'', (New York: Penguin, 1993).</ref> ItԱյն hasբնութագրվում beenէ describedորպես asճնշումներից aազատ relationship free of oppressionփոխհարաբերություններ:<ref>Iris Marion Young, "Five Faces of Oppression", ''Justice and the Politics of Difference" (Princeton University press, 1990), 39-65.</ref> or coercion;<ref>Michael Sandel, ''Justice: What's the Right Thing to Do?'' (Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2010).</ref> the absence of disabling conditions for a particular group or individual and the fulfillment of enabling conditions;<ref>Amartya Sen, ''Development as Freedom'' (Anchor Books, 2000).</ref> or the absence of lived conditions of compulsion, e.g. economic compulsion, in a society.<ref>Karl Marx, "Alienated Labour" in ''Early Writings''.</ref> Although political freedom is often interpreted [[negative liberty|negatively]] as the freedom from unreasonable external constraints on action,<ref>Isaiah Berlin, ''Liberty'' (Oxford 2004).</ref> it can also refer to the [[positive liberty|positive]] exercise of rights, [[Capability approach|capacities]] and possibilities for action, and the exercise of social or group rights.<ref>Charles Taylor, "What's Wrong With Negative Liberty?", ''Philosophy and the Human Sciences: Philosophical Papers'' (Cambridge, 1985), 211-29.</ref> The concept can also include freedom from "internal" constraints on political action or speech (e.g. social [[conformity]], consistency, or "inauthentic" behaviour.)<ref>Ralph Waldo Emerson, "[http://www.emersoncentral.com/selfreliance.htm Self-Reliance]"; Nikolas Kompridis, "Struggling Over the Meaning of Recognition: A Matter of Identity, Justice or Freedom?" in ''European Journal of Political Theory'' July 2007 vol. 6 no. 3 277-289.</ref> The concept of political freedom is closely connected with the concepts of [[civil liberties]] and [[human rights]], which in [[democratic]] societies are usually afforded legal protection from the [[State (polity)|state]].