Մասնակից:Gish.Mary/Ավազարկղ

Պերաստ, հին քաղաք, Չեռնոգորիա:Այն գտնվում է Կոտորից մի քանի կիլոմետր դեպի հյուսիս-արևմուտք և հայտնի է իր հարևանությամբ գտնվող կղզիներով՝ Սուրբ Գևորգ և Տիրամայր կղզիներով^[1]:

Պատմություն խմբագրել

Հնագետների ենթադրությամբ՝ առաջին բնակավայրերը հայտնվել են նեոլիթյան դարաշրջանի՝ Պերաստի շրջանում: Այստեղ են գտնվում նաև իլիրիայի, Հռոմեական և վաղ քրիստոնեական ժամանակաշրջանի հուշարձանները։ Քաղաքը հիմնադրվել է իլյարացիների կողմից, որոնք անվանակոչվել են տեղի ցեղերից մեկի՝ Փիրուսի պատվին։

Առաջին հիշողությունները Պերաստին վերաբերում է 1336 թվականին: Այն ժամանակ այստեղ եղել է մի փոքր ձկնորսական գյուղ, որը եղել է նավաշինարան և միշտ մի քանի առևտրային ու ձկնորսական նավահանգիստ: Բայց, քանի որ Սուրբ Գեորգի կղզին ունեցել է ռազմավարական կարևոր նշանակություն, այն պատկանել է Քոթորին:

The prosperity of the city brought the Venetian period, and it was of particular importance in the border area around 1482—after taking the Turkish part of the coast from Herceg Novi to Risan. When a small village finally became a city, its inhabitants thought about reinforcements. The fortress of the Holy Cross and a dozen defensive towers were built. After the successfully held battles, Perast began to use some of the political and economic privileges, in particular, it had the right to guard the Venetian flag of St. Mark after 1654 by holding a siege by the Turks under the leadership of Mehmed-aga Rizvanagić. Pyotr Andreyevich Tolstoy traveled from Herceg Novi to Perast in 1698 and he wrote that in the town of Perast live Croats. He also recorded that there were no Orthodox churches in the city while Greek church exist in a village not far away and that Serbs of Greek faith live in the village which are military people similar to the Don Cossacks. ^[2]

Perast also had free trade with the Republic of Venice and was granted the forgiveness of the Venetian authorities in the ruthless fight against pirates on the Adriatic. Because of this, the city grew and was enriched: only in the 18th century. For centuries, 20 palaces were built in Baroque style, 17 Catholic and two Orthodox churches. And since one of the best maritime schools was housed here, Peter I was sent here from Russia by promising sailors for training with extraordinary captain Marko Martinovic. When Napoleon defeated the Republic of Venice in 1797, Perast was faithful to Venice for several months, but in the end the city had to lower the flag of St. Mark. From that moment began the decline of Perast: along with the whole area of the Bay of Kotor, it was left to the Austrians and Italians, and then the French, and then again under the rule of the Austro-Hungarian Empire and was in its composition to defeat in the First World War. In 1918, the city became part of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenians, and in 1941 it became part of the Italian province of Cattaro (Kotor). It was only in 1944 that the city gained independence in Yugoslavia and became one of the administrative areas of the Montenegrin Republic. Since 2006, the city has finally become part of an independent Montenegro.^[3]

Geography խմբագրել

Perast lies beneath the hill of St. Ilija (873 m), on a cape that separates the Bay of Risano from that of Kotor, and overlooks the Verige strait, the narrowest part of the Bay of Kotor.^[4] The average yearly temperature in Perast is 18.3°C, and the number of sunny days is 240 (or around 2,500 sunny hours per year).

Near Perast there are two islets: one is called Sveti Đorđe (St. George) or Sveti Juraj and the other Gospa od Škrpjela (Our Lady of the Rocks), and each has a picturesque chapel. Gospa od Škrpjela is particularly interesting given that it is the only artificially-built island in the Adriatic, with an area of 3,030 m² — it was built upon a rock (Škrpjel) after two Venetian sailors from Perast found a picture of the Virgin Mary on it in 1452.^[4]